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A Novel Stem Cell Paradigm: Past Controversies, Present Challenges & Future Prospects

Shivani Vakodikar, Jaymesh Thadani and Prashant Kshatriya

Stem Cell therapeutics is a revolutionary change in the world of modern medicine. These magical bullets have evolved as alternative therapeutic modality to conventional method. Different countries have passed legislation to undertake the human embryonic stem cell research. Developed countries like USA and, Australia have banned the exploration of hESCs for research purpose. While on the other hand, developing countries have made stringent regulatory approvals and permitted the research. To avoid ethical conspiracy, induced Pluripotent stem cells with same potential with that of hESCs raised scientific breakthrough. The major flaw related to iPSCs was teratoma formation. Thus to avoid hESCs controversy and loopholes of iPSCs, application of adult stem cells came into existence. To manufacture clinical grade stem cells, cell identity, purity and genomic stability for long term culturing is to be assured. For this, various cell culture and molecular techniques are reported to assess the quality of stem cells. For sterility and safety, culture contamination, viability and presence of endotoxins/pyrogens relevant tests are noted. The autologous and allogenic criteria are discussed related to safety of cells. In nutshell, ethical concern is resolved by developing adult stem cells and quality control for dispensing cell is established by cell identity, purity, genomic stability, sterility and safety. Thus, emerging stem cells in the era of biotherapeutics harbors a promising role for incurable degenerative conditions